Ethical Lens

In reviewing my ethical lens inventory I have many faults and many advantages when it comes to the way I learn. My personal preferred lens is rights and responsibility, which means I use rationality to determine my duties as well as the rules that each person should follow. There were many results of my ethical lens inventory. The results of my classical values are temperance. I value individual balance and restraint in the want for pleasure that I seek to fulfill my duties. My key phrase is â€Å"I am responsible†, because of this I assume that what I think is responsible should apply to everyone.My definition of ethical behavior is â€Å"fulfilling duties†, I feel an ethical person would be one who fulfills their duties and does the right thing. The tools I use to analyze problems are reason. I tend to think about problems carefully and research them so I am receiving the fullest and accurate data. My blind spot would be that â€Å"Belief that motive justifies method †. This means that I could unknowingly cause people upset and pain because I am focused on good motives. It also means I believe that there is a set of individual rules that everyone should follow, it also means that I follow the rules.My seeing clearly is listening to my heart, I always follow my heart about everything before my head and that could also be a downfall. Sometimes I put my belief above others because it is what I think is right, but what I think is right is not always right. My personal lens could affect my academic behavior by my crisis which is becoming exhausted. Being exhausted and not pacing myself could definitely direct my academic behavior. It could direct it by being tired and exhausted therefore not being able to perform academically to the best of my abilities.My ethical lens influences my critical thinking because it means that I am responsible. By being responsible and wanting to fulfill my duties to the best of my ability it means I ask questions a nd research everything, therefore increasing my critical thinking skills. The results of my career building activity aptitude showed that I am focused. Being focused means that I would be better suited for a career that involved me using and applying practical skills. It says that I am likely to be attracted to very practical jobs and careers. I personally think this is false because my career choice is to be a social worker.Being a social worker seems to be a really exciting and it involves you to always have to be thinking outside the box, the complete opposite of a practical job. There are many ways I can use my career aptitude results and competencies and my personal ethical lens to help me in the classroom and the workplace. One way it these results can help is it shows me my strengths and weaknesses. Another way is the give me advice about the way my thinking works and how to apply it. These surveys have been very helpful to my academics and workplace decisions.

Reading Response Essay

The September Sisters, by Jillian Cantor, is a story about two sisters, Abigail, the oldest and Becky the youngest. They both fight a lot and make each other’s life miserable, that’s all they do, then Becky disappears in the middle of the night, Abby struggles to cope with her own feeling of guilt and loss. Aby meets a new neighbor, Tommy, who with time, discover that love can bloom, even when it’s surrounded by thorns. This is shown by the author with tone, imagery and similes. Abigail feels a sense of guilt through the disappearance of Becky, they would always fight for no reason or for stupid reasons and now that she realizes that she’s gone. She struggles with this deep feeling of sorrow. â€Å"I felt this sudden surge of guilt, as if I should’ve heard everything, should’ve heard Becky get out of bed,† page 13. Throughout the book whole book, the tone is always said as guilt and grief. â€Å"Every time I got in the swimming pool or I looked at the inner tube, I thought about Becky swimming toward me, wanting the pink one so bad, I’d feel so guilty, and I’d think, why didn’t I just let her have it? What was the big deal anyway? She could’ve had this one thing; it wouldn’t have been so much to give,† page 296. Jillian Cantor gives us a very strong feeling of sorrow and grief to capture, which tells us the theme throughout the story. There’s also a big amount of similes used to show the theme. â€Å"Our house is like a prison, something that sometimes feels like it’s keeping me in, locked away, not keeping other people out,† page 17. Abigail feels trapped with all this situation of her sister missing, rather than feeling protected, its vice-versa. Another example is, â€Å"The kiss was short, and when he pulled back, I could see his breath, like frosting, lighting up the air,† page 189. When Aby uses â€Å"frosting,† it’s sweet and good, so Aby describes his presence as sweet air, making her happy, which goes with the theme of innocence of young love. The way Jillian Cantor captures images about what is going on is by giving imagery. â€Å"Becky’s hair was straight, dirty blond, and just past her shoulders. She had green eyes and pinkish sunburned skin in the summer. She had dimples. She had some freckles on her nose. She had two-inch scar just above her right elbow, from the time she fell off her bike. She was four feet eight inches tall, and she weighted seventy-three pounds. She was ten years old,† page 28. The author uses vivid amount of sentences to imagine how Becky looked before she went missing. â€Å" I felt his lips moving over mine, his tongue pushing slowly into my mouth, and it all felt perfectly and warm and so nice,† page 315. Abigail is comfortable with his presence when she’s with him and feels warmth by his side. I certainly picture this scene as it goes. The warmth of love and innocence is captured in this quote. Jillian Cantor really gives out the theme by expressing himself with tone, imagery and similes; even though there’s hard times in life, love always makes its way through, it will be there, through thick and thin. This innocent young love was told in this story with Tommy and Abigail. Abigail struggled with the disappearance of her younger sister but the love that Tommy and her gave each other made love bloom, through this hard situation of her family and her.

Public Speaking Review

Public speaking is an essential tool that all students, more specifically communication studies majors, must learn and become familiar with. Learning how to be an influential public speaker can be the key difference to either succeeding or failing, in school, work, at home, and/or in your community. It Is no surprise that public speaking would be a requirement for a communication studies major at LULUS. There are a multitude of careers that a student pursuing a major in communication studies could aim for, it all depends on the person; however they are going to need public speaking in whichever career path they are aiming for.This course is designed to help build individuals' personal and professional confidence, success, and understanding of public speaking. Through the development of confidence, success, and understanding, the student develops the ability to present Information logically, advocate Ideas In an open mindset of civic discourse, and critically distinguish among differe nt opinions, all which represent necessary skills for personal and professional enrichment in the area of public communication. Through experiences within public speaking o develop a sense of self-worth and self-confidence that one might have not known they had to begin with.Developing an understanding of how crucial public speaking Is vital to one who Is studying communication studies. Understanding the art of persuasion and Its connection with public speaking is of utmost importance when interpreting the public speaking course. Aristotle once said, â€Å"speech which fails to convey a plain meaning will fail to do Just what speech has to do. â€Å"(Hosteller ; Kohl) The concept of clarity is important in a persuasive speech because it is the orator's spontaneously to clarify for the audience the topic being advocated and what they need to do to take action.A persuasive speech should cover a controversial topic that a portion of the audience has a view different than the orator. The goal of a persuasive speech is to modify the audiences' beliefs, attitudes, and/or behavior by the use of quality evidence, reasoning, and ethical emotional appeals. Persuading others is particularly important In our everyday lives, often one is called on to convince, motivate, or persuade others to change their beliefs, take an action, or Many people pursue careers that giving recursive speech is a critical part of gaining and continuing career success.Some individuals make careers out of public speaking, to various groups who pay to listen to them, such as, motivational speakers, authors or even pastors. Yearly, these speakers make millions of dollars from people who simply want to be motivated to do better in their every day lives. Nonetheless, persuading others is a challenging task in public speaking. By developing the skill to persuade effectively, he or she will see it as personally and professionally rewarding because it is not an easy thing that Just anyone can do. Info rmative speaking is one of the most common types of public speaking.Every day people give others information in an informal way, whether they realize it or not, for example showing a coworker how to count the money in the drawer. Information plays a vital role in our every day lives. The main goal of an informative speech is to share with the audience knowledge about a subject or teach them more about a subject they are already familiar with. There are a variety of different reasons to deliver an informative speech, such as sharing with classmates about expertise on traveling abroad, or a local community roof might want to hear about a volunteer experience enjoyed over the summer.During the course of ones career and in their personal life, informative speaking will be used. Informative speeches provide people with knowledge, when other people share facts or circumstances associated with some sort of topic; our understanding or awareness is increased. Through an informative speech, o ur perceptions are shaped, by bringing how a person might see a certain subject and bringing it to light, or might influence what is seen as important by simply directing attention to the topic. Information helps us shape who we are, interpret experiences, and gives us meaning to situations.

Financial Exclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Exclusion - Essay Example Now while no bank advertises that it will not extend it's banking facilities to mothers on welfare , there are various barriers which would present that. The income level of that person may be so low that banking guidelines would not permit giving them credit facilities . They may not have any established credit because they pay everything in cash, or they may even have bad credit , because they just may not have given too much thought to payment on time and they just pay when they have the money. Or simply they may not just know , how the financial and credit system works. So a certain group of people are excluded from the financial system , so how is this bad and most importantly , how does this effect you and me After all we are not a socialist or a communist country where everybody should have access to everything and we besides we already know that system has failed. This is not about trying to establish a socialist welfare society. There are real damaging consequences to a modern free market economy from lack of financial inclusion of a certain group of people. First of all a whole group of people have been excluded from the mainstream economy , that cannot be good for the economy. The people themselves will enter a vicious cycle of paying high interest rates for credit and since these people are already in varying degrees of poverty it just pushes them further into it. Finally poverty breeds instability , violence and crime. The inner cities, slums and ghettos all of this in common that they consist of financially excluded people and are breedin g ground of poverty and crime. But should Financial Institutions take the burden of providing credit facilities to people who do not meet their credit guidelines Don't they have a responsibility to make sound investment decisions on behalf of their shareholders Certainly they do. In fact the current sub prime crisis may not have happened if a few banks had behaved in a prudent manner in lending. You cannot and should not lend to the unlendable. But understand this , these people already borrow money , they pay a very heavy interest for it. So the banks must design products to capture this market rather than asking this group of people to meet their existing guidelines which may be difficult , if not impossible. If Bangladesh can have a successful micro loan program with Grameen bank , why could U.K. which has a much smaller problem with financial exclusion not come up with solutions. Indeed An interesting feature which emerges from the international practice is that the more developed a society is, the greater is the thrust on empowerment of the common person and low-income groups. In U.K The first review of the problems of financial exclusion in 1999 stimulated both debate and development. The government set out its strategy, Promoting financial inclusion, in 2004, identifying three priority areas - access to banking, access to affordable credit, and access to free face-to-face money advice for people who are financially excluded. UB or Universal banking was setup partly because of this effort , this opened up access to bank accounts at post offices. And this was a very good idea , because bank may look

Programmable Logic Controllers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Programmable Logic Controllers - Assignment Example The RES instruction is used to cancel the SET instruction, hence putting the PLC off. In the contemporary society, electronic devices are used in variety of ways. Electronic devices which make use of microprocessors rely on signals to understand information. Signals are available in two forms, i.e. Digital and analogue. Electronic devices can only understand information that is in digital format, and hence the analogue signals are meaningless in such devices. For this reason, the conversion of analogue to digital signals is essential, especially considering that most real life situations lead to the production of analogue signals. The analogue to digital conversion of information, changes the format of the information, without altering its content. Microprocessors are used for the conversion of the analogue signal to digital. The principle used in the conversion of analogue signals to digital signals by the microprocessor is the voltage variation. The microprocessor used sensors, which detect the incoming analogue signals, and translate them into voltage levels. For instance, the translation of temperature of 0 – 1000c, leads to the assignment of 0 volts to 00c, and 5volts to 1000c. Any value that is above 0volts represents an HIGH, and hence microprocessor can show the actual value, depending upon the number of levels the microprocessor can represent. The resolution of the A/D converter refers to the number of intervals which can be divided from a certain analog input range. Since the interpretation of the analogue input (e.g. temperature) requires assigning of voltage levels, the number of levels which can be represented is determined by the resolution. Resolution of A/D converter is represented in bits, for instance, an n-bit A/D converter has a resolution of 1/2n. The word length, as used in the microprocessors refers to the

Security Risk Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Security Risk Management - Case Study Example In this essay, I am going to highlight a successful Risk Management project undertaken by us in the Kumtor Operating Company, a prime value asset and gold mine of Kyrgyzstan. The company, due to its valuable product and huge future potential, was fraught with many risk factors. External ones included rising Islamic militancy and vulnerability due to close proximity of US forces fighting was against terror at Bishkek. On the other hand, internal risk factors included security of the gold production and storage facilities, corruption, lack of insurance against loss and many such mitigating factors. Our role as security managers was to prepare loss prevention techniques after applying critical risk assessment theories, and using the relevant ones to achieve the aim. Risk Management in our context was to include both external and internal aspects of Kumtor Operating Company. Gold mining in a developing country is always full of many intangible risks owing to a high value product. Unless the management takes a proactive stance in this regards, the losses to the company from the within itself can be monumental. Adding the external dimensions make the costs of losses absolutely prohibitive for the company. Hence, in this essay I have discussed how each aspect of risk was appreciated correctly and resolved after due consideration of all associated factors. The four strategies of Risk Avoidance, Risk Reduction, Risk Transfer and Risk Retention were applied to each existing risk factor after due deliberations, and a detailed Risk Management and loss prevention plan was worked out, discussed with the authorities and implemented after convincing the top bosses of its rationale and effectiveness for allocation of necessary budget. A situation exists today where the losses due to management of mining process have reduced unbelievably thereby directly benefiting t he company both financially and security wise. The loss prevention program thus necessitated to first bring out the specific risk factors relevant in our context. While most such risks could have been dealt with from within the resources, a certain amount of external help would be required sooner or later. Further, after assessing the risks, the most important task was to classify them accurately into four types of risk management strategies. Optimum classification would ensure that the future action plan would be economically most suitable for the company and beneficial in the long run. While some risks can be avoided and reduced, some inherent risks may have to be retained due to adverse tilt of cost vs. benefit analysis. At the same time, some risks would be too heavy to bear and would need to be transferred to an insuring agency. Hence, we now commenced our ground work for loss prevention plan on a war footing. (Risk Management strategies) Kumtor Operating Company Kyrgyzstan is an ex-soviet satellite state that became independent in 1992 and is now called the Kyrgyz Republic. The Kyrgyz Republic is geographically bordered to the North, North West by Kazakhstan, to the South West

Research Report Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Report - Research Paper Example Breeding of genetically modified animals is counted as a procedure too (Jha 1). The use of animals has increase by 1% in 2010. This includes the 1.6 million procedures done involving the genetically modified mice. According to Judy McArthur, a chief inspector at the animals’ scientific procedures inspectorate of the Home office, excluding the genetically modified animals, the increase is less than 1%. This is because of the increase of the number of fish up to 23%, which counts for about 93 000 of the total animals. Dogs, primates, cats and horses are protected by the law, therefore, the total number of the procedures done using the animals is 19, 773, which accounts for around 0.5% of the total. The number of the dogs used in the procedures dropped by 2%, and that of cats dropped by 32%. In toxicology tests, the number of animals used dropped by 11%. Barney Reed, a senior scientist at the RSPCA described the rise of these procedures as astonishing. He pointed out that the rate of carrying out the procedure had incerased by 37% for the past one decade. Martin Walsh, the head of the Home Office’s animals scientific procedure division, provided that efforts are being made to reduce the number of animals used for research, as well as ending the use of animals as household products. The main ethical question raised in the article is why scientists breed the genetically modified animals, yet they could be endangered by such procedures. Here, according to professor Dominic Wells from the royal veterinary college, one of the reasons why the scientists produce more of the genetically modified animals is because they have refined their procedures. The scientists, therefore, produce two lines of mice that do not show any adverse phenotype until they are crossed. This enables them to generate any number that they want before they conduct any procedure. Breeding of the mice help the scientists

Fast food vs. Home Cooked food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fast food vs. Home Cooked food - Essay Example Fast food offers convenience and other advantages over home cooked food but the benefits of home cooked food and the disadvantages of fast foods identifies the need for consumption of homemade foods. This paper argues for preference of homemade foods from these perspectives. Time is considered a factor that influences the eating habits of an individual. Fast food is described as food ingredients that are prepared and served very quickly. Because of this, it enhances the profitability of fast food chains. ‘Fast’ is the crucial point and it can be seen by mathematical approach. Usually people walk into or drive thru a nearby fast food restaurant that needs five to ten minutes. It takes around five minutes to order and get a hamburger, depends on the length of the queue. A hamburger from fast food restaurant just takes fifteen minutes for maximum. On the other hand, a home cooked hamburger takes extra time for preparation from raw ingredients. First, a person needs to go to grocery store to purchase the raw ingredients, which usually takes fifteen to twenty minutes. Next, raw ingredients like onions and ground meat need to be cut and flavored that takes around ten minutes. The cooking process needs ten more minutes. A home cooked hamburger tak es more than thirty minutes in total. Even Jamie Oliver can only create a fifteen minutes fast recipe. Due to a huge workload of urban people, they would prefer to use less time to get the similar food, so the dependency of the consumers over fast food is high in the entire globe. Undoubtedly fast food is fast, but it is not the best food option. Since fast food meal is convenient, people may misunderstand that the cost of fast food meal is cheaper; however, it is not. Take a Quarter Pounder with cheese hamburger at McDonalds as an example. A Quarter Pounder with cheese hamburger costs $3.91. According to the official McDonald website, the beef patty inside is 2.9oz. The average price

Marriott Hotels Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marriott Hotels - Research Paper Example For purposes of this brief analysis, too specific to the graphics will be analyzed with relation to formulating a marketing strategy more appropriate to the needs of Marriott Hotel group. Within this analysis, the age groups of 18 to 29 as well as 61 to 75 will be analyzed. The ultimate rationale for picking these two demographic groups is with regards to the fact that the age group between 61 to 75 represents nearly the entire non-business travel and client base that hotels receive in any given year. Similarly, it is necessary to examine the 18 to 29-year-old demographic so that the marketing strategy will not be unnecessarily/unduly focused upon the needs of a much older demographic. Likewise, it is the hope of this author that through a distinct analysis of all of these groups, the marketing strategy which will be formulated will be more able to target specific needs, weaknesses, and strengths that exist with respect to each group. Firstly, with regards to the expectations that 61 to 75-year-old age group integrates with, it is been the understanding of the research that has been performed that the level and extent to which services within the hotel experience are made available are one of the primary determinants for whether or not the experience was ultimately positive or ultimately negative (Borrus 36). Whereas this is not to say that the quality and extent to which services are offered within other age groups and demographics are not the value, it merely underscores the fact that within the specific age group a level of expectation has come to exist with regards to the way in which stakeholders within the hospitality industry will seek to go above and beyond as a means of maintaining a valued customer relationship with some of their most frequent visitors. Naturally, when engaging with an older demographic such as those between the ages of 61 to 75, it is also necessary and has been referenced from the research that this particular group places a high em phasis on the representation of an on staff concierge (Cook 155). Whereas other younger demographics might not require such services due to the pervasive level of the Internet and the readily available information that it provides, this particular older demographic still relies upon in greatly values the existence of a concierge within the hotels in which they stay. This preference and reality must necessarily inform the marketing strategy of the firm as a means not only of saving many of the concierge positions and not letting them fall victim to cost-cutting but also as a means of marketing specifically to this particular demographic. Whereas it is always been necessary for a hotel chain to update and renovate on a regular basis, with respect to the youngest in a graphic which will herein be analyzed, that of the ages between 18 to 29, this demand is of vital importance and preference (Brier 28). As a function of the research which is been performed, the author has noted that this particular demographic places a high level of emphasis and preference with regards to how modern and technically up to date a given hotel might be. Whereas all demographics place a high level of importance upon cleanliness, friendliness of staff, location, and level of services offered, the younger demographic places the most emphasis on the aesthetic values combined with the chic factor. Moreover, as one might expect, the overall level of

Thomas Jefferson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Thomas Jefferson - Essay Example Moreover, when the United States was engaging in their war of independence they were in fact trying to break off the rule of the British monarchy. From this perspective the separation of Church and state became a bit of a noble experiment insofar as they were trying a system that was different from England. According to Blond (2010) the rue of the Church of England still holds sway to this day. As a final example, it could be argued that Jefferson believed that people should be governed by the laws of man and not necessarily by the human interpretation of the laws of god. According to White House Publications (2011) from one perspective, Jefferson was simply promoting religious freedom. How has Jefferson's ideas on the "separation of church and state" influenced our current governmental practices? One of the most significant ways that the separation of church and state has influenced our current government practices comes through our legal system. Although it may be the case that cer tain acts are forbidden in religious texts (Such as homosexuality) our legal system has determined that these acts should not be considered illegal.

Business plan for Gym Equipment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business plan for Gym Equipment - Essay Example Purchasing fitness equipment online too, has grown substantially over the last several years. From numerous infomercial products to high-end home exercise equipments, the Internet provides the medium for detailed information on the benefits and features of each product. As people overcome their fear of cyber shopping, they are learning that the Internet offers both - the convenience and the savings. Convenience comes from comparative shopping without having to travel to numerous fitness equipment stores, where you often deal with unknowledgeable sales representatives. The Internet has empowered the consumer with detailed product information, allowing them to make intelligent purchasing decisions. In addition, the Internet provides an opportunity to avoid the added costs incurred through purchases at retail stores. A percentage of any price tag at a store includes overhead costs like leasing prime space, employee wages and inventory. The Internet is changing the rules, and online purc hases can result into significant savings on items like fitness equipments. Although people, mostly youngsters, have become much more fitness conscious than ever - a few online shops are existent on world wide web, selling home gym equipments. ... Hence, the current business position clearly speaks the need of a selling media from where the good number of customers can be reached on an everyday basis. Thus, e-shops are an opportunity. Else, the Internet websites already existing in the market selling home gym equipments, aren't yet covering the whole of potential customers. They are often into a part-time business of selling products via Internet, over and above having their conventional exhibition center - and hence, their business models are not probably as powerful as what a full-fledged Internet venture could have. "How can you rate a successful e-business The outward signs of a robust and thriving business are: Revenue increases Ability to generate profits Success in creating meaningful alliances Success in expanding into new markets Differentiating itself from other business models " ( Online Internet Business Models). In such a scenario, there is an opportunity of launching an Internet shop selling home gym equipments, as its full-time Internet business. Business activity Launched in the early days of year 2008, 'Beauty Fitness', a full-time e-shop - is into the business of selling home gyms and fitness equipments to young people, and all the others who want to stay in a good shape, keep fit - both physically and mentally. With fast growing Internet accessibility, e-shops are gaining bigger and bigger potential. Having established their presence on computers of almost all the British households, e-shops are not limited with daily working hours, weekend offs, or festive holidays. Customers can have access to our Internet shop 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. More, while in classic shops customers are required to walk around the town, 'Beauty Fitness' offers the customers that ease,

The contemporary issue of technology Essay Example for Free

The contemporary issue of technology Essay Buddhism is an ever-growing religion with approximately 350 million adherents worldwide, prominently found in Thailand, Indo-China, Burma, and Sri Lanka[1]. The word â€Å"Buddhism† comes from â€Å"Budhi† which literally means ‘to awaken’. This essentially makes up the basis for the belief system as it originated when Siddhartha Gautama, an Indian prince commonly known as Buddha, was himself awakened during his lifetime. It is every adherent’s goal in life to reach this same state of enlightenment, or nirvana. Not only is Buddhism a religion, it is often a way of life for many Buddhists[2]. Buddhism is a traditionalistic religion containing aspects that remain constant over time but is also highly adaptable and advances with current global progressions and issues. Many aspects of the belief system represent notions of continuity and change including gender roles, sacred places and scripts and the contemporary issue of technology. Buddhism has been subject to both aspects of continuity and change almost from the time the religion originated. This was clearly highlighted in the role and acceptance of dissent in the belief system in 383BC. This was after Buddha’s death in a time known as the Second Council where a large change occurred and the significant split into two variants of the religion occurred. This was due to arising conflicting interpretations of Buddha’s teachings and the meaning behind them. The Buddhist movement divided into the Theravada (Teaching of the Elders), also known as Hinayana (small vessel), and the Mahayana (large vessel) movements. This division essentially arose from disagreements over matters of practice and doctrine. The most significant different between the two variants is the belief of the Theravadans that Buddha is a fully enlightened human teacher whilst the Mahayana’s developed a transcendental view of him. The Mahayana concept welcomes the idea of worship of a divine grace rather than the attainment of enlightenment through practice[3]. As well as this, there is also the slightly smaller Vajrayana variant, most prominent in Tibet. This variant is known as Tantric Buddhism, referring to the application of Buddha’s teachings in regards to unique explanations and meditation techniques used by Vajrayana Buddhists[4]. Gender roles in Buddhism have been subject to much change over time. At the time Buddha lived, women were placed in a domestic sphere, essentially denying them of authoritative positions. Women were expected to care for the family and men to provide for the family[5]. Siddhartha himself was not always accepting of women entering the monastery. His attitude solely changed when his closest disciple, Ananda, used the traditional Buddhist value of impermanence as a way to demonstrate how the position of women at the time should not necessarily remain this way. From this resulted the allowance of women into the sangha through acculturation. Despite the ordination of women into the sangha as well as the Buddhist belief that both males and females are equal is however not necessarily the case in practice[6]. For example, In Theravada, a conscious effort is made to follow the Buddhas lifestyle as closely as possible as outlined in Vinaya[7]. However, this can be viewed as merely a matter of culture. In many Buddhist communities it is often normal for a man to have more authority over a woman. This was the restraint women felt for a long time until recent westernisation and modernisation. Through globalisation and the emergence of Buddhism into western nations, the status of women is now changing in many countries, even traditionally Buddhist ones. There is an acceptance that western women are no longer subservient as well as the equal address of both genders in recent teachings and books[8]. Western women have even had the ability to influence powerful figures including the Dalai Lama to support women’s spiritual practice and leadership[9]. Gender roles in Buddhism are quite obviously changing over time, at a slow but steady pace. In a world where gender stereotypes are slowly but surely becoming a thing of the past, women Buddhists, from westernised countries or not, will become more aware of the patriarchal society they live in and inevitably push for equal gender status. Although, one aspect that may pose a setback to equal gender status is the fact that nuns must still serve the monks and cannot run services and have different roles in the monastery[10]. Although this slightly traditional notion continues, Buddhist communities are consciously making an effort to live out the Buddhist teaching that says both women and men are equal. In the Vajrayana variant there are many female Buddhas and bodhisattva including Green Tara, Kuan Yin and prajnaparamita who represents the mother of all Buddha’s as she is the anicca[11]. As well as this, the rapid increase of the religion, most notably in Australia, will undoubtedly create an incline in discussion of gender issues as it is a nation based on equality and multiculturalism. Buddhist sacred places and scripts are a highly traditional and continual aspect of the religion. Despite the split into separate variants of Buddhism, the message of Buddha remains the same for all. Initially the teachings of Buddha were passed down through oral tradition although as time progressed the four major councils formed the sangha and dharma consistent in practice and doctrine and had them form a written canon, the Tipitaka[12]. This text has not changed in any way since 250BCE and continues to be the foundation of all Buddhist communities. This is one of only a few things that have remained constant despite divergence and change within the religion. As time progressed, the Mahayana variant also created sacred texts, usually attributed to bodhisattva. These texts held a great amount of authority as they were held in likeness to the words of Buddha himself. These texts are an essential part of Buddhism as they are used in important activities and rituals that remain constant with tradition over time. The main story in the Buddhist tradition is the legend of the Buddha’s life and his search for enlightenment. This places high sacred significance on the location of Bodh Gaya and the Bodhi tree found there, where it is said Siddhartha found enlightenment and became Buddha. There are also many types of Buddhist shrines or temples visited by both monks/nuns and lay people for meditation and ritualistic purposes. Shrines often contain symbolic objects, helping one to keep in mind the ‘Four Noble Truths’ and the ‘Noble Eightfold Path’[13]. The continuous nature of the sacred texts and places visited can be expected to remain so in the near and distant future. In Australia; Theravada, Mahayana and Vajrana all assume the traditional practice and observation of the sacred texts and places. Being a western culture, this is highly significant as it is the one aspect of the religion that remains constant and traditional in a diverse culture. This is also the case with other western nations as well as the traditional Buddhist locations. Contemporary issues have arisen relatively recently within Buddhism with the continual advancement of technology in today’s society. Due to Buddhism’s highly adaptable nature, it is becoming more welcoming of the world’s technological advances. Global communications such as the internet are now allowing for readily available and easily accessible information including Buddhist sacred texts. This allows for people from around the globe being able to access and translate texts at their own ease and from the comfort of their own home. Buddhists view technology in a varied light[14]. On one hand, the consumption of technology causes problems geared to feeding greed, hatred, and delusion. On the other hand, ‘constructive’ technology is beginning to be adapted to, within the constraints of three principles; technology which is moderate, technology which is used for creating benefit and technology which serves to develop understanding and improve the human being[15]. Essentially, the basic traditional principles of Buddhism are maintained through the safe, beneficial and constructive implementation and use of modern equipment. Technology is inevitably an ever-growing facet of today’s society. Buddhism is learning to adapt to such changes. As Buddhists accept technology that does not harm sentient beings, it is having a significant influence in the western world. Buddhism is now the fastest growing religion in Australia. From 1991-2006 there was a 109.6% increase in adherents in Australia, making up 2.1% of the total population[16]. Much of this is reliant on the introduction of technology in Buddhism resulting in bringing people together through the communication devices such as the internet. Not only is this affecting Australians, it is evident throughout the world. As Buddhism is introducing more technology into their practices, information is readily accessible to millions of people worldwide. This allows for a greater knowledge and acceptance of Buddhism and so expansion of the religion will inevitably occur on a large scale. Buddhism is now ranked the fourth largest belief system in the world and will undoubtedly continue to rise. In summation, Buddhism is embarking on a continual journey of adaptation to changing cultures and climates. With this comes the continuation of traditional aspects as well as applying these in ways to suit the consensus of different cultures, most notably western. Many influencing factors attribute to the continuity and change of Buddhism including gender roles, sacred places and scripts and contemporary issues. Each of these play a fundamental role in underpinning the belief system in contemporary society and the religion will inevitability continue to change given its highly adaptable nature. ________________ [1] Buddhanet, 2012, Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc., global, http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/history/bud_statwrld.htm [2] Buddhanet, 2012, Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc., global, http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/5minbud.htm [3] Buddhism’s Impact and Appeal in the West, Culturescope Volume 79, April 2006 [4] Vajrayana Institute, 2012, Vajrayana Buddhism, Australia, http://www.vajrayana.com.au/index.php?option=com_contentview=categorylayout=blogid=56Itemid=81 [5] Buddhism’s Impact and Appeal in the West, Culturescope Volume 79, April 2006 [6] TSC Learning, 2012, TSC Learning Inc., Australia, http://www.tsclearning.catholic.edu.au/groups/societyculture/weblog/2953c/Belief_System__Buddhism__Gender_Roles.html [7] Buddhanet, 2012, Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc., global, http://www.buddhanet.net/ftp07.htm [8] Buddhism’s Impact and Appeal in the West, Culturescope Volume 79, April 2006 [9] Buddhanet, 2012, Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc., global, Buddhanet.com [10] Enabling Organisation, 2012, BSQ Tracts on Buddhism No.7, http://www.enabling.org/ia/vipassana/Archive/D/DeSilva/WomenInBuddhism/womenInBuddhismSwarnaDeSilva.html [11] Vajrayana Institute, 2012, Vajrayana Buddhism, Australia, http://www.vajrayana.com.au/index.php?option=com_contentview=categorylayout=blogid=56Itemid=81 [12] Buddhism’s Impact and Appeal in the West, Culturescope Volume 79, April 2006 [13] Buddhism’s Impact and Appeal in the West, Culturescope Volume 79, April 2006 [14] Buddhism’s Impact and Appeal in the West, Culturescope Volume 79, April 2006 [15] Buddhanet, 2012, Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc., global, Buddhanet.com [16] Buddhism Australia, 2012, Census date from ABS, Australia, http://www.buddhismaustralia.org/census2001.htm

Plight of street children in India

Plight of street children in India Until 1993, the term street child was not present in the Official Vocabulary in India. Until 1993, the Indian government did not fulfill their duty by protecting the rights and freedom of children. Until 1993, India had failed to completely recognize and acknowledge their growing street children epidemic. Street children can be defined as both market and homeless children. All around the world, innocent children are stripped away from their sovereignties and placed on the cruel streets of their cities forcing them to create a living on their own. Both developed and developing countries, including Russia, Vietnam, Romania and Brazil, are negatively affected by the growing population of street children. Unfortunately, India is the home to the worlds largest population of street children eighteen million and counting. Throughout the last couple of years, India has achieved many accomplishments, including the rise of their economy and recognition around the world. However, neglecting th e street children epidemic is unjust and overshadows their economic boost. According to Article 27 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, it states that Parties recognize the right of every child to a standard of living adequate for the childs physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social development. Street children are denied of each one of these rights, instigating the fact that innocent children are not being supported and cared for by their families, friends and the government. Street children in India are deprived from proper protection due to the negligence of their family, the unstable economic situation in the country and the lack of focus on their health care.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Street children are excluded from stable protection because children are neglected from the attention of their loved ones. When a child is born, he/she is entitled to be cherished, loved and sheltered. Children are extremely vulnerable and naÃÆ' ¯ve; they do not know how to differ from right and wrong. When a child is abandoned and left isolated on the streets, they are uneducated about why they are alone. Thousands of kids blame themselves for their desertion, even though they are not to blame. In India, many street children are sexually, physically and mentally abused by their parents, and living on the streets leads them to being further exploited to child labour and prostitution. One of the main reasons that street children are abused by their parents in India is due to gender discrimination. Over the past generations, boys are undoubtedly favoured than girls. Boys are considered an asset since they can carry on the family name, help with the fa rmland and can continue their education longer than females. Sixty percent of the labour force in India is based on agriculture, meaning that men are more suitable for this intricate occupation. On the other hand, girls are regarded as a liability because parents have to raise dowry in terms of getting their daughter married, girls cannot carry on the family name and a vast majority of females do not receive the same amount of education as males, since parents do not look at schooling as an obligation. In accordance to Article 26 in the Universal Declaration of Independence, it states: Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Pilfering education from a child handicaps them and is one of the worst forms of punishments in the world. Even though women have triumphed and broken down bigotry barriers over the last decades, favoritism is evident in several parts of the world. In India, the female/male ratio is 927/100 0, which is incredibly low in comparison to other countries. In some developing parts of India, girls may get aborted or killed at birth solely due to their gender.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When a child is neglected from their loved ones, it creates long-term psychological problems. Maslows hierarchy of needs outlines the basic needs of an individual: self-actualization, esteem, love/belonging, safety and physiological. Street children in India are extremely far away from reaching the top of Maslows hierarchy, since homeless children are not introduced to proper health care, are not protected from the precarious people on the streets of India, are not accepted by their families thus leading to a low self-esteem. Street children are forced to face unwanted and awful obstacles at an extremely young age. Both girls and boys do not have a role model to follow, and try to survive day by day. Furthermore, when Charles Darwin introduced natural selection, in which he explained that individual organisms that are better adapted to their environments have a better chance of surviving; humans began to receive education, create reputations and establ ish families for themselves. In order to survive on the streets, children can go to extreme levels in order to have clothes and food. When parents neglect their own children, kids are negatively affected and conform to the other street children around them; monkey see, monkey do. With no one to tell them whats right and whats wrong, whos to stop them?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Street children are robbed from social security because they are not given the proper financial support that they deserve. Indias economic situation changes on a weekly basis. Similar to other developing countries, the prices of production and labour inflates and/or deflates regularly. Following the world-wide recession, India has dealt with the economic problem better than some developed countries, such as the United States of America. The developing economy in India is great for the government, but what about the people? Even though Indias monetary condition is reasonably settled, some rural and urban parts of the country are being faced with poverty and street children. 56.4% of Indias population is in debt and the unemployment rate in India is 9.1%. People are having a difficult time paying off their debts, since the competition in the workforce is increasing and not enough jobs are available for everyone. With an increasing population, there is an increased demand for needs. We, as humans, meet those needs by consuming more resources. Consuming more resources declines the availability of supplies, which negatively harms the environment. The environment destruction and declining resources leads to scarcity and poverty. Resource scarcity explains the fact that if there is not enough food, hunger arises. If there is not enough water, people become thirst. If jobs are scarce, the unemployment rate rises. If money is scarce, poverty augments. Street children do not have enough food, water and a source of income in order to survive in India. Due to the need for basic necessities, children are forced to work for their money. Some of the activities that street children participate in are collect/sell paper, clean cars, sell newspaper, work in small hotels, beg, steal, and tend to animals and domestic labour.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Being a developing country, the government of India is unable to entirely support all 1, 166, 079, 217 citizens; however that is not a justification for everyone. If an individual decides to have a baby, that human being is entitled to take care of that child. In India, many children are introduced to poverty; the state or condition of having little or no money, goods, or means of support. In certain circumstances, children from both middle and lower income families are forced to go onto the streets of their town in order to bring in more cash for the family. Are the parents being selfless or selfish? Parents who are telling their children to have no respect for themselves and bang on car doors simply to earn a rupee or two are utterly and shamefully selfish. Furthermore, families of lower caste systems are more prone to allowing their children to remain on the streets for days and nights. Caste systems are described as specific rankings that distingui sh a lower class family from a higher class family. This system is originated from the city and/or town that a family lives in, the last name of that family and the amount of land a family owns. In foreign countries, such as Canada and the United States, it is difficult to comprehend the caste system, yet in India the system is completely straight forward. Families from lower castes are prone to force their children, both males and females, to plead on the streets of India.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Street children are stripped from their rights when children are not being taken care of when he/she is affected by a health issue. In both developed and developing countries, both men and women tend to avoid the topic of health care. India has the largest number of street children in the age group of eight to eighteen years; these children are exposed to a risky social environment daily. Being on the streets instigates diseases because street children live and work amidst trash, animals and open sewers. The risk of getting diseases increases dramatically since dozens of Indians are immigrating and emigrating, in order to visit their relatives and be introduced to new environments. A majority of street children are not vaccinated and protected from harmful diseases including H1N1, Diphtheria, Polio and Tetanus, significantly raising their possibilities of getting seriously ill and possibly facing death in the upcoming future.

Chapter-V Discussion, conclusion and Recommendations

Chapter-V Discussion, conclusion and Recommendations It is relatively easy to appreciate that one of the major issues in regard of the over all health scenario concerned their value to the prisons correctional system. The present research has uncovered the fact that there may included be several problem involved with the administrative, organizational and facilities regarding prison sports as well as establishing respectable physical activities program in a variety of institution including prisons. The long term inmates have suffered dispersal policy. This policy hold that prisons must be concerned with security first and for most, with other issues being unimportant. In the process sum of the program which have suffered include education and recreation. This is problematic because such programs help to lower tension in prisons and build better relationship between staff and inmates. The researcher found that most conventional social activities in prison are sedentary, non-physically active, and similar types of pursuits. One of the major problems in prison recreation and sports is that it primarily serve the purpose of alleviating boredom and passing the time more quickly. Various prisoners made demand to the researcher that there must be a provision to reduce the amount of time spent in there barracks and increase the amount of time for sports activities. They also insisted that better sports facilities must be provided. Model Prison Manual, (2003) of India, states the presence of physical educator in every jail. Despite the injunction by the model prison the researcher found no physical educator in any of the jails undertaken in the study and the allotted time for sports activities was inadequate and the necessary facilities regarding any type of physical activities had not been provided. The lack of government funds, detrimental social attitude and legislation, limited staff, over crowding, inadequate facilities, spars equipments and old fashioned recreational philosophy reduce the chances of inmate to get engage in systematic sports and physical activities. Many inmates recognize that very limited sports facilities (31.91%) are available to them whereas large number of inmates (82.82 %) are interested in sports activities which are not offered often, the stated sports facility needs of inmates are not even considered when developing any program for the jail upliftment. Another problem with prison sports programs involves factors associated with motivation. Inmates often participated in activities for the rewards such as escape from work, trophies and better diet etc. All these extrinsic motivational factor are likely to produce lesser chances of enhancing self image, confidence are likely to shallow. According Card (1983) inmates who take part in recreational activity because of there own personnel interest will likely reap greater benefits than those who become involve primarily through the persuasion. The Government of India ranked the use of sports and other physical activities, high alongwith higher education, establishing the family health and welfare, defense of the country and work for modern India to lead the country at the global plane. Recreation and other sports activities have been the means of obtaining many individual and social benefits. Constructive use of physical activities gives human beings and outlet for creativity and self expression. According to Nash (1971), this drive may be expressed high on a scale in terms of be expressed high on a scale in terms of be explorer, inventor, discoverer, or in the limitless typed of hobbies. Recreation has not only played an important part in the treatment program of the mentally ill, but it has kept patient well. In the light of the preceding discussion, sports may be potentially valuable rehabilitative tools in correction of moral behavior of prisoners. By having the discussion of the researcher with the prisoners in various jails, it had been concluded that physical activities sports and their related facilities would give more balanced life to prisoners and those who are not able are willing the participate in physically active sports should have other options available to them. McDermott. King (1989), found that prisoners are very much involve with physical education for two basic purposes. First it helps to defend against a prisoners physical mental decline. Second it help a better relationship between the prisoners and the prison staff. Following the analysis of data generated during the study following were the main findings: sports facilities and their administration were inadequate and poorly administered, the programs in relation to sports lacked specific goals, the programs help pass the time but served no rehabilitative purpose, there was very little carry-over value of prison activities because many of the sports facilities were inadequate, and attitudes towards recreational activities were mostly before ones incarceration and would rarely be changed by sparse existing rehabilitation and physical activities programs in Uttar Pradesh Mandal Jails. Flynn (1974), Observed reason for limited recreational activities is due to the staff concerned for the security. The greater amount of security that is required, the greater amount it well coast. There is usually a shortage of staff at institution which creates problems with general security procedures. If security is a problem with a general prison population, physical activities programs may provide greater burden on security. A good prison sports program must be well planned to suit the needs of inmates. Forced participation would defeat the purpose of corrections. With careful planning and developing large number of facilities and activities can be provided for the prisoners in any prison. The introduction of community based sports programs with the quality of recreation opportunity as well as the creative reintegration of an offender with his or her family and within greater social system. Security, however, must still be considered apriority for the community. Muth (1974) opined that having the capability of participating in recreational activities with ones partner and/or children gives the offender a much better opportunity to keep his/her family intact. According to World Health Organization (2003) the prisoner must be treated as complete whole person. The recreation aspect of life is stressed to help the offender in this way. During incarceration, inmates suffer the loss of many things: freedom, a sense of reality, sensory experiences, and the reality of who they are. Through participation in sports and other activities, inmates can experience some limited control over these areas for short period of time. The participation will also help on offender in the re-socialization process. Who believes that an inmates need to be seen as a total person for them to become better citizens and recreation through basic sports facilities within the prisons walls is a part of this concept. Though Model Prison Manual, 2003 of India did mention about the Physical Training Instructor under the Educational Personnel of administrative frame-work of jail personnel, but forget to mention the duties of Physical Training Instructor under the heading Duties of Educational Personnel. This itself shows the lack of awareness, among the jail policy-makers, about the importance of games and sports for the rehabilitation of incarcerated persons. Special discussion is required for the Kanpur Mandal Jail due to the fact that the Senior Superintendent of Jail denied the permission the carryout the proposed research work though the researcher produced all the relevant documents of permission and orders to collect the data from the highest authority of Uttar Pradesh Jails, i.e. the Director General of Jail, Jail Administration Reform Services, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow. The administrator of the Kanpur District Jail did not comply with the orders and repudiate the researcher to access into the jail premise to collect the relevant data for the present study. The similar administrator told the researcher to go away from his office immediately and escorted the researcher up to the main gate of the jail to ensure the exit of the researcher from the jail premise. Hence the researcher could not collect data from the Kanpur Mandal Jail due to the preceding mishappening. Discussion On Hypothesis: The first hypothesis in the chapter-I was mentioned as Jails do not have an effective organizational set-up for sports. As it has been found during the survey of all the Mandal Jails of Uttar Pradesh that the organizational set-up is not up to the mark for sports as has been depicted in the following Figure: Figure-18 Column Diagram of Organizational Set-up of Uttar Pradesh Jails Hence, the first hypothesis of the study has been achieved. The second hypothesis in the chapter-I was mentioned as Jails do not have an effective sports administrative setup to ensure proper growth and development of jail inmates. As it has been found during the survey of all the Mandal Jails of Uttar Pradesh that the administrative set-up is not up to the mark for sports as has been depicted in the following Figure: Figure-19 Column Diagram of Administrative Set-up of Uttar Pradesh Jails Hence, the second hypothesis of the study has been achieved. The third hypothesis in the chapter-I was mentioned as Jails do not have proper infrastructural facilities in term of play fields, equipments, coaching facilities etc. As it has been found during the survey of all the Mandal Jails of Uttar Pradesh that the infrastructural facilities is not up to the mark for sports as has been depicted in the following Figure: Figure-20 Column Diagram of Infrastructural Facilities of Uttar Pradesh Jails Hence, the third hypothesis of the study has been achieved. 4. The fourth hypothesis in the chapter-I was mentioned as Jails (of All Mandals in Uttar Pradesh) do not have an ideal set-up for sports. The researcher has taken the Model Prison Manual, 2003 of India as the criterion for ideal set-up. The preceding manual states that every jail should have one physical training instructor (page no.44, chapter- 4.03.4-b) under the Educational Personnel but the researcher did not find any physical training instructor in any of the jails of Uttar Pradesh Mandal. Hence, the fourth hypothesis of the study has also been achieved. Conclusion Prisoners often appear to have high rates of recidivism partly as a result of feeling of certainty about their ability to succeed on the outside world. This study does not suggest any co-relation between the availability and use of existing facilities for use of sports and the correction in offenders behaviors. It only suggests, by review of literature and discussion with prisoners that it is possible that participating in sports can have long term effects if there continued after release from prison. Here the researcher opines that if the prisoners keep themselves physically active and goal oriented in prison, they may accomplish the same purpose outside of prison. The study suggests the inadequate facilities for sports and non-availability of physical training instructor in the prisons, often hamper the proper planned physical activities for prisoners. The respondents of the study were prisoners and various jails administrators. Almost all the respondents argued that sports acted a s a release for aggressive energy rather than contributing to further aggression. Given the results of the study in chapter four the government of India, with the prisons, should strive for two main objectives: (i) social control and (ii) rehabilitation. Recreation with the help of sports and other physical activities should be implemented for the former, while education should be implemented for the latter. Recommendations There should be a post of Physical Training Instructor to conduct program of demanding physical activities for jail inmates. Along with the unemployment and poverty, sports and recreation programs should be viewed as the establishment of a general strategy to improve the opportunity of improvement in jail inmates. Recommendations are made for the development of sports or recreation programs as a preventative role for youth-at-risk; and the development of sporting and recreation facilities and opportunities for inmates including financial assistance for sports facilities and development of any existing facilities. It is suggested that for any long term change to occur the programs need to offer follow-up program. The same is true for physical activities programs which should be considered as only a partial solution for the crime rate in India. More qualitative empirical data should be gathered for the sports programs and its inclusion in jail programs. Further researches are needed to provide holistic view of the relationship between various physical activities and crime records. It is suggested to consider a requirement to monitor program to a consistent, minimum standard for the introduction and development of sports facilities for jai inmates. Various sports federations should be encouraged to participate and promote sports activities in jails for correctional recreational. It is also suggested that a clear setup post-program opportunities for participation in various physical activities, particularly in programs with objective of developing the offenders participation to being and independent activity. Clear and systematic communication between any external organization running a physical activity program and the jail official responsible for over-seeing the program. Explicit acknowledgement of achievement by inmates participations in various games and sports, if appropriate by formal awards. A high quality of staff delivering the physical activity programs should be posted at every jail, not simply to deliver the activity but more importantly to achieve the difficult mix of being able to develop personal social skills, engender mutual respect and maintain a clear behavioral code and discipline. Consensus statement on physical activity programs promotion in prisons should be drafted by all the research agencies and universities running physical education courses in order to facilitate to raise standards in health promotion of prisoners by engaging in different forms of physical activities. It is recommended that whenever imprisonment in imposed, however, loss of freedom constitutes the punishment; health and wellbeing must not be compromise. Sports in prison communities requires immediate financial boost in this blessed land of forth-coming xix Common Wealth Games, New Delhi- 3 14 October, 2010. Government of India should establish special programs, through existing tertiary institutions and distance courses, to train jail administrators for physical activities and sports. Directorate General of Jail and other similar agency issue or verify the identity card of the researcher on their letterpad in order to smooth conductance of the research work. The use of community sports and recreational resources must be emphasized. The purpose and content of sports and other recreational programs in all the jail settings must be redefined. Physical activities, leisure services and various sports programs must become an integral component of the inmates treatment process. Recreational rehabilitative programs should be based on more extensive and reliable analysis in order to ensure high quality programs. Newer study may be taken to analyze the number of sports persons and their participation in jails. Government should allocate separate budget for intensive sports programs aiming for the rehabilitation and to promote wellness, a healthy life style and decrease medical treatment as envisaged by the World Health Organization (2003).

Juliets Emotional Currency in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet :: Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet

In an attempt to push away from medieval love conventions and her father's authority, Shakespeare's Juliet asserts sovereignty over her sexuality. She removes it from her father's domain and uses it to capture Romeo's love. Critic Mary Bly argues that sexual puns color Juliet's language. These innuendoes were common in Renaissance literature and would have been recognized by an Elizabethan audience. Arguably, Juliet uses sexual terms when speaking to Romeo in order to make him aware of her sexuality. When he comes to her balcony, she asks him, "What satisfaction canst thou have tonight?" (2.1.167). Bly asserts that "satisfaction in her hands, becomes a demure play on the sating of desire" (108). Following this pun, Juliet proposes marriage. She teases Romeo with sexual thoughts and then stipulates that marriage must precede the consummation of their love. Juliet uses "death" in a similar sense. She asks night to "Give me my Romeo, and when I shall die / Take him and cut h im out in little stars" (3.2.21-22). Death holds a double meaning in these lines. It connotes both "ceasing to be and erotic ecstasy" (Bly 98). Based upon this double meaning, one can infer that "she sweetly asks 'civil night' to teach her how to lose the game of love she is about to play for her virginity" (Wells 921). She tells her nurse, "I'll to my wedding bed, / And death, not Romeo, take my maidenhead!" (3.2.136-137). Placing death opposite Romeo highlights the irony of the situation; both death and Romeo should claim her maidenhead together. These sexual puns reveal Juliet's awareness of her sexuality. She entices Romeo, forcing her sexuality to act as emotional currency. After her marriage to Romeo, Juliet speaks about her virginity in objective terms: "O, I have bought the mansion of a love / But not possessed it, and though I am sold, / Not yet enjoyed" (3.2.26-28). In line 26, love is an object to be bought and sold. In the next line, she recognizes that she sold herself. Juliet understands that she sold her virginity for Romeo's love. Juliet rejects all previous standards for women. She will not be confined to a relationship with Romeo that adheres to the courtly love tradition.

Carl Gustav Jung Essay -- Biographies Research Psychology Essays

Carl Gustav Jung Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) was born on July 26, in the small village of Kesswil on Lake Constance. He was named after his grandfather, a professor of medicine at the University of Basel. He was the oldest child and only surviving son of a Swiss Reform pastor. Carl attended the University of Basel and decided to go into the field of psychiatry after reading a book that caught his interest. Jung became an assistant at the Burgholzli Mental hospital, a famous medical hospital in Zurich. He studied under, and was influenced by Eugen Bleuler, a famous psychiatrist who defined schizophrenia. Jung was also influenced by Freud, with whom he later became good friends. Their relationship ended when Jung wrote a book called "Symbols of Transformation." Jung disagreed with Freud's fundamental idea that a symbol is a disguised representation of a repressed wish (Heaney, 1994). After splitting up with Freud, Jung had a 2 year period of non-productivity, but then he came out with his "Psychological Types," a famous work. He went on several trips to learn about primitive societies and archetypes. His explorations included trips to Africa, New Mexico to study Pueblo Indians, and to India and Ceylon to study eastern philosophy. He studied religious and occult beliefs like I Ching, a Chinese method of fortune telling. Alchemy became one of his interests during his journeys. His book, "P sychology and Alchemy," published in 1944, is among his most important writings. In this study, he told about the human mind. One of his methods was word association. This is when a person is given a series of words and asked to respond to them. Abnormal response or hesitation can mean that the person has a complex about that word. His basic belief was in complex or analytical psychology. The goal is psychosynthesis, or the unification and differentiation of the psyche (mind). He believed that the mind started out as a whole and should stay that way. That answered structural, dynamic, developmental questions. Jung is best known for his theory of "The three levels of the mind" (Aurelio, 1995). Discussion The three levels of the mind theory includes the ego (conscious), personal unconscious, and collective unconscious. The conscious level serves four functions. It is the part of the personality that carries out normal daily activities: thinking, feeling, sensing, an... ...a shattering of a personality (Heaney, 1994). I decided to do my research on Carl Jung because he is not discussed much in the textbook. I find his theory of conscious and unconscious very interesting. I believe the thoughts of persona and ego without a doubt. When one's ego is shot down, a person can tend to develop a complex about it. I also agree that people tend to have a different persona based on where they are at and how they are expected to act around certain people. Works Cited: Aurelio, Jeanne M. (1995). Using Jungian archetypes to explore deeper levels of organizational  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  culture. Journal of Management Inquiry, 4, 347-369. Heaney, Liam F. (1994). Freud, Jung and Joyce: Conscious connections. Contemporary Review,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  265, 28-32. Jurkevich, Gayana. (1991). Unamuno's intrahistoria and Jung's collective unconscious: parallels,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  convergences, and common. Comparative Literature, 43, 43-60. Kremer, Jurgen W. (1999). Facing the collective shadow. Revision, 22, 2-5. Mannis, Robert F. (1997). Jung and his shadow. Utne Reader, 84, 91-94. Neher, Andrew. (1996). Jung's theory of archetypes: a critiques. Journal of Humanistic  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Psychology, 36, 61-92. Carl Gustav Jung Essay -- Biographies Research Psychology Essays Carl Gustav Jung Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) was born on July 26, in the small village of Kesswil on Lake Constance. He was named after his grandfather, a professor of medicine at the University of Basel. He was the oldest child and only surviving son of a Swiss Reform pastor. Carl attended the University of Basel and decided to go into the field of psychiatry after reading a book that caught his interest. Jung became an assistant at the Burgholzli Mental hospital, a famous medical hospital in Zurich. He studied under, and was influenced by Eugen Bleuler, a famous psychiatrist who defined schizophrenia. Jung was also influenced by Freud, with whom he later became good friends. Their relationship ended when Jung wrote a book called "Symbols of Transformation." Jung disagreed with Freud's fundamental idea that a symbol is a disguised representation of a repressed wish (Heaney, 1994). After splitting up with Freud, Jung had a 2 year period of non-productivity, but then he came out with his "Psychological Types," a famous work. He went on several trips to learn about primitive societies and archetypes. His explorations included trips to Africa, New Mexico to study Pueblo Indians, and to India and Ceylon to study eastern philosophy. He studied religious and occult beliefs like I Ching, a Chinese method of fortune telling. Alchemy became one of his interests during his journeys. His book, "P sychology and Alchemy," published in 1944, is among his most important writings. In this study, he told about the human mind. One of his methods was word association. This is when a person is given a series of words and asked to respond to them. Abnormal response or hesitation can mean that the person has a complex about that word. His basic belief was in complex or analytical psychology. The goal is psychosynthesis, or the unification and differentiation of the psyche (mind). He believed that the mind started out as a whole and should stay that way. That answered structural, dynamic, developmental questions. Jung is best known for his theory of "The three levels of the mind" (Aurelio, 1995). Discussion The three levels of the mind theory includes the ego (conscious), personal unconscious, and collective unconscious. The conscious level serves four functions. It is the part of the personality that carries out normal daily activities: thinking, feeling, sensing, an... ...a shattering of a personality (Heaney, 1994). I decided to do my research on Carl Jung because he is not discussed much in the textbook. I find his theory of conscious and unconscious very interesting. I believe the thoughts of persona and ego without a doubt. When one's ego is shot down, a person can tend to develop a complex about it. I also agree that people tend to have a different persona based on where they are at and how they are expected to act around certain people. Works Cited: Aurelio, Jeanne M. (1995). Using Jungian archetypes to explore deeper levels of organizational  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  culture. Journal of Management Inquiry, 4, 347-369. Heaney, Liam F. (1994). Freud, Jung and Joyce: Conscious connections. Contemporary Review,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  265, 28-32. Jurkevich, Gayana. (1991). Unamuno's intrahistoria and Jung's collective unconscious: parallels,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  convergences, and common. Comparative Literature, 43, 43-60. Kremer, Jurgen W. (1999). Facing the collective shadow. Revision, 22, 2-5. Mannis, Robert F. (1997). Jung and his shadow. Utne Reader, 84, 91-94. Neher, Andrew. (1996). Jung's theory of archetypes: a critiques. Journal of Humanistic  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Psychology, 36, 61-92.

Mba Exam Papers in Operation and Production Management

i will give you full payment of 90 dollar if my below questions answers received from your side with chart and table where its required to fulfill my required. SUB: OPERATION MANAGEMENT 1. How would operations strategy for a service industry be different if any from that for a manufacturing industry? (It’s an example & explains) 2. Consider the following two mutually exclusive projects. The net cash flows are given below: NET CASH FLOWS years PROJECT A FROM PROJECT B 0 – Rs. 1,00,000 – Rs. 1,00,000/- 1 + Rs. 30,000 + Rs. 15,000/- 2 + Rs. 35,000 + Rs. 7,500/- 3 + Rs. 40,000 + Rs. 20,000/- 4 + Rs. 45,000 + Rs. 22,500/- 5 + Rs. 25,000/- 6 + Rs. 27,500/- 7 + Rs. 30,000/- 8 + Rs. 32,500/- If the desired rate of return is 10% which project should be chosen? 3. What are the levels of aggregation in forecasting for a manufacturing organization? How should this hierarchy of forecasts be linked and used? AN ISO 9001 : 2008 CERTIFIED INTERNATIONAL B-SCHOOL 4. How would fore casting be useful for operations in a BPO (Business processes outsourcing) unit? What factors may be important for this industry?Discuss. 5. A good work study should be followed by good supervision for getting good results. Explain with an example. 6. What is job evaluation? Can it be alternatively used as job ranking? How does one ensure that job evaluation evaluates the job and not the man? Explain with examples? 7. What is the impact of technology on jobs? What are the similarities between job enlargement & job rotation? Discuss the importance of training in the content of job redesign? Explain with examples? 8. What is internet connectivity? Feature article about  Production ManagementHow is it important in to days business would with respect to materials requirement planning & purchasing? Explain with examples? 9. Would a project management organization be different from an organization for regular manufacturing in what ways? Examples. 10. How project evaluation different from project appraisal? Explain with examples. SUBJECT: Production Management 1. What are the different types of production/operation system? Where would each one of them be applicable? Give practical examples. 2. What is flexibility in operations function?Can it be one of the strategic weapons? Explain your response. 3. What is the distinction between accounting profit & economic profit? How is such a distinction linked with the concept of opportunity cost? 4. What is the difference between the Scanlon & rucker plans? 5. Productivity improvement is not a one shot project Do you agree with this statement? Discuss 6. Is supply chain management a philo sophy? Discuss 7. What is the aim of production planning? 8. What is forecasting? Elements of forecasting & Methods of forecasting?

Paycom Marketing Plan

The Obama administrations plan for a Consumer Privacy get come to of Rights, which was released as part of its Consumer Data Privacy in a Networked World A textile for Protecting Privacy and Promoting Innovation in the Global Digital Economy, is intended to leap drug handlingrs much(prenominal)(prenominal) control over how their in the flesh(predicate) tuition is apply in technical trans moveions (Klosek, 2012). This pillow slip of framework is pitch toward technologies much(prenominal) as mobile apps. alert app technology is capable of cloning ad hominem randomness from a mobile gimmick such as ID numbers, email ph unmatchable, authorized location, texts messages, calendars and in-person photos.Companies such as Google, Yahoo, Microsoft, and AOL apply agreed to non track consumer browser use. These companies break been critized in the past for not doing what is required to protect the cover of its consumers. They energize been tracking their culture wi thout any(prenominal) take on or providing education to the consumer regarding how the info testament be apply. Now with the CPBR, consumers allow castigate amodal value nominate the powerful to control what info is used, how it exit alone be used and superintend the accuracy of the selective teaching stash awayed.In rule to use the Consumer Privacy Bill of Rights for time to come litigation, septenary general principles harbor been substantial to use as a organize. respective(prenominal) Control Consumers produce a right to exercise control over what various(prenominal)ized companies collect from them and how they use it (Kloesk, 2012). waiver forward, companies countenance guide to present combine as sanitary as choices to the consumer approximately the selective information that is cosmos collected, whereas before, consumers have been unaw ar of what type of selective information was cosmos collected and how it was being used. Transp bency Co nsumers have a right to easily understandable and accessible information about privacy and security practices (Klosek, 2012). there ar many privacy risks in regards to mobile contrivances. With the CPBR, consumers with be informed about the most recent and relevant information regarding what in the flesh(predicate) information lavatory be used. Mobile apps be an example where this information abide be critical. Respect for context of use Consumers have a right to sojourn that companies entrust collect, use, and dis be quiet face-to-face data in ways that ar uniform with the context in which consumers provide the data (Klosek, 2012).This generally translates into a deeper guide to amplify disclosers to the consumer. In the case that information or data is collected from a consumer and used for anything else other than for the use of the caller-out, the consumer go away be notified before and given the chance for consent prior to the information being used. The y will excessively be informed what the data will be used for in relation to what is being shargond. Security Consumers have the right to guarantee and responsible use of personal data (Klosek, 2012). In summary, any data collected will be encrypted and secured when being moved from the consumers device to the companies servers. Access and Accuracy Consumers have a right to access and countervail personal data in usable formats, in a carriage that is appropriate to the esthesia of the data and the risk of adverse consequences to consumers if the data is in complete (Klosek, 2012). This describes the consumers rights to picture that the data being collected is accurate. If they information is incorrect, therefore they will have the right to correct anything in error.In order for the consumer to get word accurate information, they will in like manner be granted access to the data being collected. Focused Collection Consumers have a right to reasonable limits on the personal data that companies collect and retain (Klosek, 2012). Companies spatenot collect data from any devices, unless it is relevant to the train or inclination of the original use. whatsoever information collected will be used for a specific remainder that is to be accomplished relevant to the pick out for it to be collected. Accountability Consumers have a right to have personal data handled by companies with appropriate measures in repoint to assure that adhere to the Consumer Privacy Bill of Rights (Klosek, 2012). Data retained will be handled appropriately. This means that employees will be justly trained on how to ensure information collected is secure and relevant. These seven guidelines atomic number 18 intended to act as a plan to improve consumers privacy protections. In addition, it acts as a as salutaryl to ensure that information being used from the network is used to promote economic convergence.It will overly allow consumers to have change magnitude involv ement of their personal information and avail tradees maintain consumer trust and grow in the rapidly changing digital milieu (Obama, 2012). In the past, the cyberspace has not been secure enough to protect consumers personal information. With added protected, consumers fecal matter ol accompanimentory property more overconfident to use the internet which will conjure up the opportunities for job creation and duty growth. The seven guidelines more specifically provide a foundation to protect consumers and grant a greater self-certainty for disdaines. Ameri abide Consumers fag endt wait any longer for wee rules of the road that ensure their personal information is safe online (President Obama, 2012). In order for a consumer to feel secure, they motive to have authorization that their information being used is accurate and used for relevant purposes related to the companies purpose and mission. Daniel Weitzner, who is a former White hearth de draw upy chief technology officeholder for internet policy, is now an advisor to the compaction for Privacy and hand any(prenominal) Trade.He states, I believe really hygienicly that the privacy tends to select progress when there are broad coalitions (Weitzner, 2013). The Coalition for Privacy and Free Trade welcomes companies that collect, use and transfer personal data (Liebelson, 2013). Prior to the CPBR, companies have been accuse of using information for unjust purposes. apple has been caught storing users address books. Google was found tracking the lookup engines on users iphones. Overall, online privacy has been an issue since the internet was constituted. With the CPBR, consumers can feel for confident in their internet use.Because of these alligations over internet companies, the federal Trade Commision as prompted companies like Google, Yahoo, Microsoft, and AOL to commit to using the Do Not impression technology top prevent user browsing behavior from being track (Dharapak, 2012). Lead ership is the key to being a triple-crown double-decker. Peter Northouse (2001) defines leadinghip as a process whereby one individual influences a group of individuals to strain a common goal. If you want to become an trenchant attractor, a manager must guide employees in a positive manner in order to accomplish a goal as it relates to the familiaritys mission.thither are two types of leaders. There is the transformation leader and the transactional leader and raft may argue which leading region is best for their political party. As a till myself, I believe that the transformational manager can better take the pulse of a group, understand its unspoken currents of thought and c at one timerns, and circulate with people in terms they can understand and embrace. The transformational leadership orgasm can help managers become exceptional leaders. These types of leaders must develop a acquirement that will form individuals want improve, change, and be led.You not just now have to eff their wants, tho you must also be able to identify their motives as well as needs. There are ivsome factors to transformational leadership in which are cognise as the four Is. The four Is accommodate regard Influence describes managers who are role models that can be trusted, respected, and able to make practised closings for the cheek. Inspirational Motivation is a way of motivating associates to commit to the vision of the nerves, charm encouraging team spirit to reach goals that increase revenue and marketplace growth for the organization.Intellectual Stimulation describes mangers who encourage innovations and creativeness through challenging the normal beliefs or views of a group. These types of managers promote critical opinion and problem solving to make the organization better. Individual considerations describe a manager who can act as a coach and advisor. This helps not only the associates but the organization as a on the whole as well (Hall , Johnson, Wysocki, Kepner, 2012). The strengths come to with the transformational approach is that you can effectively influence employees on all levels and identify the needs an set of personal as well.However considering no individual is perfect, there are weaknesses place by the approach. The weaknesses are that there are many components that seem too broad, cover leadership more as a personality trait than as a learned behavior, and have the potential for abusing power. Although, the strengths of the transformational leader empower individuals to do what is best for the organization. They also have strong role mould skills that develop high values. In addition, they are active listeners that develop spirit and cooperation, create vision, and helps the organization by helping others put forth to the organization.Transactional leadership styles are more geared towards maintaining the normal flow of operations. They do what it takes to keep the lights on. They use discipline and incentives to impel employees to perform. They tend to exchange rewards for high performance. A Transactional leader tends to not look forwards in strategically guiding an organization to a position of market leadership instead, these managers are solely concerned with do sure e very(prenominal)thing flows smoothly today (Ingram, 2013). Transactional leaders can provide advantages in their abilities to address wee operational details very readily.They manage the things that build a strong reputation in the market. Transformational leaders blare for ambitious goals while separate outing to achieve success through vision and team-building skills. Overall, polar management styles are suited for several(predicate) situations. One may needs to be in possession of the skills of both leadership roles. Many propagation for minimum wage employees, the transactional approach would be more effective. Shift supervisors may also upbeat from the transactional approach because they will need to pay attention to the dinky details. However, a COE with exempt employees will benefit more from a transformational leadership style.They need to have the ability to communicate, plan strategically, and pass missions grim to implement details. selling Channels is resembling to the ways that services and harvest-times are distributed. These plans can be applied to subscriber lines in merchandise and used as promotional credit lines. These valleculas include both draw and in pass marketing. Both of these concepts are extremely vital for various reasons, mainly because companies have to focus particularly on these. make marketing can allow a consumer to buy a product by communicating with several advertising media without having to brook in person with a salesman.This includes mail-order dish outing, control mail sales, catalog sales, telemarketing, interactional media, and televised plaza shopping. Examples include statistical distribution leaves beca use they increase the convenience on a product or services to a client. When customers have easy access, in most cases the conduct of the product increases. It is because of distribution logical arguments, that most sellers are wholesalers in the market. Marketing bring are also essential to the marketplace. These channels make the company aware of the needs and demands.Going back to direct and indirect marketing channels, they may sell to wholesalers, who in return, sell to retailers, or sell directly to retail stores. Companies can also use pendent or independent marketing channels. An example of an independent marketing channel would be a manufacturers representative. They commonly sell the same or corresponding products to several different manufacturers. These people try to push better selling brands in retail stores, but they are not dependent on sales of the brands and can sell other brands because they are unruffled profiting (Suttle, 2013).However, dependent channe ls such as splendid manufacturers rely on wholesalers to market their products to retailers. They also strongly rely on retailors to properly execute their promotions and sales. In the united states, channel members collectively earn margins that broadside for 30 to 50 percent of the last-ditch selling price (Kotler, 2006). There is a very high equal convolute with the marketing channel process. Most business are more likely to use several different channels, whether one would intend of them as a channel or not.These include but are not limited to print advertising, email campaigns, pay-per-click marketing, direct mails, and banner ads. All of these are used to promote different products and services. The main concept to gather from a marketing channel is that it is a set of interdependent organizations winding in the process of making a product or service for sale for the use or consumptions by the consumer or business user. Marketing channel offices are performed by int ermediaries. This includes a transitional scat that is a result of buying, selling, and risk taking. consequently there is the logistical function which involves assorting, storing, sorting, and transporting. Last, the facilitating function is incorporated by financing, grading, and marketing information and research. An industrial distributer in involved with a variety of marketing channel performances. These include selling, stocking, and delivering a full product assortment and financing. In runtyer words, they act like wholesalers. When making the decision of what marketing channel to use, differential advantages can top when a company retains a long-term advantage positions in the market that is sexual congress to competitors.IT is important to choose the correct channel design because it directly influences all other marketing decisions and is also the key outside resource for many manufacturers. When making these choices, one must ask three dubiousnesss. 1. How close a relationship should be developed witht the channel members? In question 1, the factors to be considered include distribution intensity, targeted markets, products, company policies, middlemen, environment, and behavioral dimensions. Who is doing the buying? Where, when and how end users but? 2.How should the marketing mix be used to raise channel member cooperation? In questions 2, the company must have a loaded grasp on the marketing mix. This include the product dodging such as quality branding, pricing strategy such as wholesale/retail/consumer, promotions strategy rather it is push/pull, and a distribution strategy. 3. How should the channel members be motivated to abet in achieving manufacturers distribution objectives? In question 3, a company needs to know the motivation of the channel members. They need an idea of what portfolio concept they will use for motivating ifferent types and sizes on channel members.Berman, B. Marketing channels John Wiley & Sons Inc. , sunr ise(prenominal) York, 1999, ISBM-13 978-0471362616. Delton, L. E. , Strutton, D. Marketing Channels A consanguinity management Approach. New York Prentice Hall, 1997. Frazier, G. L. Organizing and managing channels of distribution// Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 27, No 2, Spring 1999, p. 226-241 Guibert, N. Network organization in marketing commitment in business-to-business channels// Journal of Marketing knowledge & Planning, 2004, Vol. 2, No 6, p. 636-651. Remaining a gloomy business is not easy. However, remaining fiddling can have its advantages when it comes to business. One question many entrepreneurs ask them self is whether to beat small or expand. In some cases this decision can have its advantages and disadvantages. why keep your business small? Staying small keeps the founder in close bear upon with the business, alters personalised service, enables flexibility, and you can make a profit sooner. Small keeps the founder in close jot with the b usiness.You have the opportunity to be more personal and interactive with the customer. You can stay more heedful to feedback and hands-on interaction. This enables you to make decisions more quickly and carefully. When you have a big business, decision can sometimes take too long and too can leave you with damaging results. Small enable personalized service and flexibility. A majority of confabulation in small businesses is between the customer and the company. There is usually not a chain that a customer has to go through when they need something.If they have an reach of concern or need an event quickly, small businesses make the process much more friendly to the customer. When you are small, you are much more flexible to align to change. You can tweak rules and policies that better benefit customers. Small also allows for a fast profit. You can save money in overhead much easier along with honorarium and benefit cost while memory expenses low. By doing this, profit adds up at a much faster rate. When your company is just ran a few or a handful of people, there are opportunities that can be offered to you that you would not typically get in a bigger business.You have more customer contact which gives you the leg up when dealing with customer objections and ways to overcome the challenges. A small business can also be cheap. The internet has cut many overheads of runway a business. In the past, business owners postulate to buy phones, land lines, offices, office equipment etcetera These days, all they need is a website and a few business cards. People make the mistake of believing that being big and more complex makes them better. This can be the opposite the more simple and small your business is the better you product or service is going to be (Westbrook, 2011). imposter Rainn Wilson, who plays Dwight on the popular sitcom The Office. Wilson is the co-founder for soulpancake. co, which is a social networking site for people who are interested i n debating lifes big questions. They ask questions and then have discussion with others on the site. This creates a platform for interaction rather that a tralatitious mental object site. It also allows users to define the content and enables soulpancake to be more malleable as a business (Elliott, 2013). Rainn enjoys keeping his business small and is not concerned with expanding the business.By keeping this website distant from networks such as twitter and facebook, he feels that the users can feel freer to express their philosophical thoughts with each other. vector Resources, Inc. is a woman-owned small business that provides a variety os technical support services to the government as well as the private sector clients. Their small business success has been geared virtually their commitment to customer satisfaction. They work in partnership with their customers to understand their needs and priorities and provide responsive, value-added support (Weisband, 2002).Vector has r emained a successful small business because they keep the company in close contact with the business, they enable personalized services, enable flexibility, and they make their meshing sooner. Instead of being afraid, Vector embraces the fact that they are a small business. They are not ashamed and do not try to go large. They grow off the idea that a business will only be small once so take advantage and value it while it lasts. Owning a small business also has its advantages when it comes to guile controls. In 2012 only 56% of small business have it off external audits, whereas larger business had 91% audited.Small business received fraud training at 18. 5% compared to just about 60% at larger organizations. The percentage of small organizations that have formal controls in place is just so dwarfed by the large organizations, Andi McNeal, CPA said. He also goes on to say We noticed a real opportunity for small organizations to direct in simple measure, even a code of conduct , which frankly shouldnt cost more than a handful of hours of employees time. With this being said, training for employees is reduced as well as the risk that larger businesses have to maneuver past.