Chapter 2 Exercises & Case Exercises Essay

1. Consider the statement an individual threat agent, like a hacker, can be a factor in more than one threat category. If a hacker hacks into a network, copies a few files, defaces the Web page, and steals credit card numbers, how some(prenominal) different threat categories does this attack fall into?a. Overall, I debate this attack falls into four major threat categories deliberate acts of trespass, compromises to intellectual property, technological failures, and managerial failure. Furthermore, I believe this attack would be categorized as a deliberate act of theft/trespass which compromises intellectual property due to technical and managerial failures. b. It seems as this hacker was deliberately causing harm (i.e. copying files, vandalizing the web page, and theft of credit card numbers) due to their method of entry hacking into a network it leaves me to believe there were some technical failures, such as softwargon vulnerabilities or a trap door. Howalways, that is just o ne possibility as to what could render occurred. This could have also been a managerial failure say the unknown hacker used social locomotive engineering to obtain the entropy to light up access to the network proper planning and procedure execution could have potentially thwarted this hackers attack. 2. victimisation the Web, research Mafiaboys exploits. When and how did he compromise sites? How was he caught? c. Michael Demon Calce, also known as Mafiaboy, was a high school student from West Island, Quebec, who launched a series of highly prevalentised DDoS (denial-of-service) attacks in February 2000 against large commercial websites including Yahoo, Fifa.com, Amazon.com, dell, Inc., E*Trade, eBay, and CNN. Calce also attempted to launch a series of simultaneous attacks against nine of the thirteen root attend servers. d. On February 7th, 2000, Calce targeted Yahoo With a project he named Rivolta meaning riot in Italian.This project utilized a denial of service cyber-a ttack in which servers perish overloaded with different types of communications, to the point in which they completely shut down. Calce managed to shut down the multibillion dollar company and the webs top search engine for almost an hour. His goal was to establish dominance for himself and TNT his cybergroup. Over the next week, Calce also brought down eBay, CNN, Amazon and Dell via the same DDoS attack. e. Calces actions were under intuition when the FBI and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police noticed posts in an IRC chatroom which bragged/claimed responsibility for the attacks. He became the top dog suspect when he claimed to have brought down Dells website, an attack not yet publicized at the time. Information on the source of the attacks was initially discovered and reported to the press by Michael Lyle, chief technology officer of Recourse Technologies. Calce initially denied responsibility but later pled guilty to most of the charges brought against him the Montreal Youth Court sentenced him on September 12, 2001 to eight months of discourteous custody, one year of probation, restricted use of the Internet, and a small fine. It is estimated that these attacks caused $1.2 billion dollars in global economic damages. 3. Search the Web for the The Official Phreakers Manual. What information contained in this manual might help a shelter administrator to protect a communications system? f. A shelter department administrator is a specialist in computer and network security, including the administration of security devices such as firewalls, as well as consulting on general security measures. g. Phreaking is a slang term coined to describe the activity of a culture of people who study, experiment with, or explore telecommunication systems, such as equipment and systems connected to public tele echo networks. Since telephone networks have become computerized, phreaking has become closely linked with computer hacking. i. Example of Phreaking Using various audio frequencies to manipulate a phone system. h. Overall, a security administrator could use this manual to gain knowledge of terms associated with phreaking and the ins & outs of the process (i.e. how it is executed). However, the security administrator should focus on Chapter 10 War on Phreaking this section (pg 71-73) deals with concepts such as access, doom, tracing, and security. An administrator could reverse engineer this information to protect his/her systems from such attacks. 4. The chapter discussed many threats and vulnerabilities to information security. Using the Web, find at least two other sources of information on threat and vulnerabilities. Begin with www.securityfocus.com and use a keyword search on threats. i. http//www.darkreading.com/vulnerability-threatsii. Dark narrations Vulnerabilities and Threats Tech Center is your resource for breaking news and information on the latest potential threats and technical vulnerabilities affecting todays IT environment. write for security and IT professionals, the Vulnerabilities and Threats Tech Center is designed to provide in-depth information on newly-discovered network and application vulnerabilities, potential cybersecurity exploits, and security research results j. http//www.symantec.com/security_ result/iii. Our security research centers rough the world provide unparalleled analysis of and protection from IT security threats that include malware, security risks, vulnerabilities, and spam. 5. Using the categories of threats mentioned in this chapter, as well as the various attacks described, reexamine several current media sources and identify examples of each. k. Acts of human error or failureiv. Students and staff were told in February that some 350,000 of them could have had their social security numbers and pecuniary information exposed on the internet. v. It happened during an upgrade of some of our IT systems. We were upgrading a server and through human error there was a misconfi guration in the setting up of that server, said UNCC spokesman, Stephen Ward. l. Compromises to intellectual propertyvi. Today we bring news of action against a site that supplied links to films, music and games hosted on file-hosters all around the world. regime say they have charged three individuals said to be the administrators of a very large file-sharing site. vii. To get an idea of the gravity local police are putting on the case, we can compare some recent stats. According to US authorities Megaupload, one of the worlds largest websites at the time, cost rightsholders $500m. GreekDDL (according to Alexa Greeces 63rd largest site) allegedly cost rightsholders $85.4m. m. Deliberate acts of espionage or trespassviii. The individual responsible for one of the most significant leaks in US political history is Edward Snowden, a 29-year-old actor technical assistant for the CIA and current employee of the defense contractor Booz Allen Hamilton. Snowden has been working at the Nat ional Security Agency for the last four years as an employee of various outside contractors, including Booz Allen and Dell. ix. Snowden will go down in history as one of Americas most consequential whistleblowers, alongside Daniel Ellsberg and Bradley Manning. He is responsible for handing over material from one of the worlds most secretive organization the NSA. x. Additional, interesting, read http//www.cbsnews.com/8301-201_162-57600000/edward-snowdens-digital-maneuvers-still-stumping-u.s-government/ 1. The governments forensic investigation is grappling iron with Snowdens apparent ability to defeat safeguards established to monitor and deter people looking at information without proper permission. n. Deliberate acts of information extortionxi. Hackers claimed to have breached the systems of the Belgian credit provider Elantis and threatened to publish confidential customer information if the bank does not pay $197,000 before Friday, they said in a statement posted to Pastebin. E lantis confirmed the selective information breach Thursday, but the bank said it will not give in to extortion threats. xii. The hackers claim to have captured login certification and tables with online loan applications which hold info such as full names, job descriptions, contact information, ID card numbers and income figures. xiii. According to the hackers the data was neckclothd unprotected and unencrypted on the servers. To study the hack, parts of what they claimed to be captured customer data were published. o. Deliberate acts of sabotage or vandalismxiv. Fired Contractor Kisses Off Fannie Mae With Logic Bomb xv. Rajendrasinh Babubha Makwana, a former IT contractor at Fannie Mae who was fired for making a coding mistake, was charged this week with placing a logic bomb within the companys Urbana, Md., data center in late October of last year. The malware was set to go into effect at 9 a.m. EST Saturdayand would have disabled internal monitoring systems as it did its damag e. Anyone put down on to Fannie Maes Unix server network after that would have seen the words Server Graveyard appear on their workstation screens. p. Deliberate acts of theftxvi. Four Russian nationals and a Ukrainian have been charged with running a sophisticated hacking organization that penetrated computer networks of more than a dozen major American and foreign corporations over seven years, stealing and selling at least 160 million credit and debit card numbers, resulting in losses of hundreds of millions of dollars. q. Deliberate bundle attacksxvii. China Mafia-Style Hack Attack Drives California Firm to Brink xviii. A group of hackers from China waged a relentless campaign of cyber harassment against Solid oak tree Software Inc., Milburns family-owned, eight-person firm in Santa Barbara, California. The attack began less than two weeks after Milburn publicly accused China of appropriating his companys parental filtering software, CYBERsitter, for a national Internet censo ring project. And it ended shortly after he settled a $2.2 billion lawsuit against the Chinese government and a imbibe of computer companies last April. xix. In between, the hackers assailed Solid Oaks computer systems, shutting down web and e-mail servers, spying on an employee with her webcam, and gaining access to fine files in a battle that caused company revenues to tumble and brought it within a hairs breadth of collapse. r. Forces of naturexx. Websites Scramble As Hurricane Sandy Floods entropy Centers xxi. The freak storm flooded data centers in New York City, taking down several major websites and services including The Huffington Post, Buzzfeed and Gawker that depended on them to run their businesses. xxii. Several websites stored their data at a lower Manhattan data center run by Datagram, whose basement was inundated with water during the storm, flooding generators that were intended to keep the power on. s. Deviations in quality of service from service providers xx iii. Chinas Internet hit by biggest cyberattack in its history xxiv.Internet users in China were met with sluggish response times early Sunday as the countrys domain extension came under a denial of service attack. xxv. The attack was the largest of its kind ever in China, according to the China Internet Network Information Center, a state agency that manages the .cn country domain. xxvi. The double-barreled attacks took place at around 2 a.m. Sunday, and then again at 4 a.m. The second attack was long-lasting and large-scale, according to state media, which said that service was slowly being restored. t. Technical computer hardware failures or errorsxxvii. A hardware failure in a Scottish RBS Group technology center caused a NatWest bank outage. xxviii. It prevented customers from using online banking services or doing debit card transactions. u. Technical software failure or errorsxxix. RBS boss blames software upgrade for account problems xxx. The boss of RBS has confirmed that a software sort was responsible for the widespread computer problems affecting millions of customers bank accounts. v. Technological obsolescencexxxi. SIM Cards Have Finally Been Hacked, And The Flaw Could Affect Millions Of Phones xxxii. After three years of research, German cryptographer Karsten Nohl claims to have finally found encryption and software flaws that could affect millions of SIM cards, and open up another route on mobile phones for surveillance and fraud.deterrent example ExercisesSoon after the board of directors meeting, Charlie was promoted to Chief Information Security Officer, a new position that reports to the CIO, Gladys Williams, and that was created to provide leadership for SLSs efforts to improve its security profile.Questions1. How do Fred, Gladys, and Charlie perceive the scope and scale of the new information security effort? a. Charlies proposed information security plan aims at securing business software, data, the networks, and computers which store i nformation. The scope of the information security effort is quite vast, aiming at securing each vulnerability in addition to the aforementioned, the new information security plan also focuses on the companys staff. Since extra effort will be required to implement the new managerial plan and install new security software and tools, the scale of this operation is quite large. 2. How will Fred measure success when he evaluates Gladys military operation for this project? How will he evaluate Charlies performance? b. Gladys is appointed as CIO of the team, which is gathered to improve the security of the company due to virus attack that caused a loss in the company I believe Fred will measure Gladys success by her ability to lead, keep the plan on track (i.e. time management) and successfully sticking to the proposed budget. Charlie was promoted to chief information security officer, a new position that reports to the CIO I believe Fred will measure Charlies success by his ability to i mplement the new plan, report his/their set ahead and the overall success of the new system. 3. Which of the threats discussed in this chapter should receive Charlies attention early in his planning process? c. Portable Media Management (Ex. USB, DVD-R/W) should receive Charlies attention early in his planning process